\documentclass[twoside]{article}
\usepackage[heading=true]{ctex}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\ctexset{section={
number=\arabic{section},
name={第,章}}
}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\newpage
%\pagenumbering{arabic}
\section{背景知识简介}
\subsection{基本粒子}
\section{总结与展望}
\section*{参考文献}
\section*{硕士期间发表的论文}
\section*{致谢}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{参考文献}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{硕士期间发表的论文}
\end{document}
%导言区
\usepackage{tocloft}
\renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}}
另,tocloft 宏包的中译本见:https://www.latexstudio.net/index/details/index/mid/1547.html