请问各位如何在latex绘制指令流水线的时空图？

可以用nicematrix宏包结合TikZ绘图实现：

\documentclass{ctexart}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{nicematrix}

\begin{document}
\small
\NiceMatrixOptions{cell-space-top-limit=3pt}
$\begin{NiceArray}{*{9}{c}}[corners,hvlines]
\CodeBefore
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw [fill=gray!35] (6-|1) |- (5-|2) |- (4-|3) |- (3-|4) |-
                         (2-|5) |- (3-|4) |- (4-|3) |- (5-|2) |- cycle ;
    \draw [fill=gray!35] (6-|5) |- (5-|6) |- (4-|7) |- (3-|8) |-
                         (2-|9) |- (3-|8) |- (4-|7) |- (5-|6) |- cycle ;
  \end{tikzpicture}
\Body
& & & & & & & &  \\
& & & I_1 & I_2 & I_3 & I_4 & I_5 & \\
& & I_1 & I_2 & I_3 & I_4 & I_5  \\
& I_1 & I_2 & I_3 & I_4 & I_5  \\
I_1 & I_2 & I_3 & I_4 & I_5  \\
\CodeAfter
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw [->] (6-|1) -- (1-|1);
    \draw [->] (6-|1) -- (6-|last);
    \draw [dashed] (2-|1) -- (2-|4);
    \draw [dashed] (3-|1) -- (3-|3);
    \draw [dashed] (4-|1) -- (4-|2);
    \draw [dashed] (5-|7) -- (6-|7);
    \draw [dashed] (4-|8) -- (6-|8);
    \draw [dashed] (3-|9) -- (6-|9);
    \draw [->] (2-|5) -- (1-|5);
    \draw [->] (2-|6) -- (1-|6);
    \draw [->] (2-|7) -- (1-|7);
    \draw [->] (2-|8) -- (1-|8);
    \foreach \t [count=\i from 1] in {0,...,8}
    {
      \node[yshift=-6pt] at (6-|\i) {\small$t_{\t}$};
    }
    \node[yshift=-6pt] at (6-|10) {\small$t$};
    \foreach \p [count=\i from 2] in {{取指令},{译\hspace{\ccwd}码},
                                      {执\hspace{\ccwd}行},{存结果}}
    {
      \node[xshift=-18pt] at (\i-|1) {\small\p};
    }
    \node[xshift=-5pt] at (1-|1) {\small$s$};
    \draw [red ] (6-|1) |- (5-|2) |- (4-|3) |- (3-|4) |-
                 (2-|5) |- (3-|4) |- (4-|3) |- (5-|2) |- cycle ;
    \draw [cyan] (6-|2) |- (5-|3) |- (4-|4) |- (3-|5) |-
                 (2-|6) |- (3-|5) |- (4-|4) |- (5-|3) |- cycle ;
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{NiceArray}$

\end{document}

其排版结果为：

说明，需要多次编译才能正确绘制。