公式和参考文献引用。

还是下午的问题。你核心的地方是 \maketitle 出错而导致编译无法通过。你拿到这个模板之后，用一些有意义的单词来取代它模板原本的东西都好过直接用 * 来替换。
我现在把我改过的文本贴在这里。

%% 
%% Copyright 2019-2021 Elsevier Ltd
%% 
%% This file is part of the 'CAS Bundle'.
%% --------------------------------------
%% 
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in
%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%% 
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'CAS Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%% 
%% Template article for cas-sc documentclass for 
%% single column output.
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}
%\newtheorem{assumption}{Assumption}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}
\newtheorem{fact}{Fact}
\newtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}
\newtheorem{as}{Assumption}
\newtheorem{ias}{IPC Assumption}
%\newcommand{\qed}{{\mbox{} \hspace*{\fill}{\vrule height5pt width4pt
%depth0pt}}\\}
\newcommand{\lqed}{{\mbox{} \hspace*{\fill}{\vrule height4pt width3pt
depth0pt}}}
\def\M{\hspace*{0.75em}}
\def\MM{\hspace*{2em}}
\def\MMM{\hspace*{2.25em}}
\def\MMMM{\hspace*{3em}}
\def\MMMMM{\hspace*{3.75em}}
\def\MMMMMM{\hspace*{4.5em}}

\documentclass[a4paper,fleqn]{cas-sc}

% If the frontmatter runs over more than one page
% use the longmktitle option.

%\documentclass[a4paper,fleqn,longmktitle]{cas-sc}

%\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
%\usepackage[authoryear]{natbib}
\usepackage[authoryear,longnamesfirst]{natbib}

%%%Author macros
\def\tsc#1{\csdef{#1}{\textsc{\lowercase{#1}}\xspace}}
\tsc{WGM}
\tsc{QE}
%%%

% Uncomment and use as if needed
%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
%\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
%\newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
%\newproof{pf}{Proof}
%\newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm}}

\begin{document}
\let\WriteBookmarks\relax
\def\floatpagepagefraction{1}
\def\textpagefraction{.001}

% Short title
\shorttitle{This is an MWE}

% Short author
\shortauthors{Li, Tao}

% Main title of the paper
\title[mode = title]{one title}  

% Title footnote mark
% eg: \tnotemark[1]
%\tnotemark[1] 

% Title footnote 1.
% eg: \tnotetext[1]{Title footnote text}
%\tnotetext[1]{<tnote text>} 

% First author
%
% Options: Use if required
% eg: \author[1,3]{Author Name}[type=editor,
%       style=chinese,
%       auid=000,
%       bioid=1,
%       prefix=Sir,
%       orcid=0000-0000-0000-0000,
%       facebook=<facebook id>,
%       twitter=<twitter id>,
%       linkedin=<linkedin id>,
%       gplus=<gplus id>]

\author[1]{author one}
%[type=editor,
      %style=chinese,
      %auid=000,
      %bioid=1,
      %prefix=Sir,
      %orcid=0000-0000-0000-0000,
      %facebook=<facebook id>,
      %twitter=<twitter id>,
      %linkedin=<linkedin id>,
      %gplus=<gplus id>]

% Corresponding author indication
\cormark[1]

% Footnote of the first author
\fnmark[1]

% Email id of the first author
\ead{}

% URL of the first author


% Credit authorship
% eg: 
\credit{Conceptualization of this study, Methodology, Software}
%\credit{<Credit authorship details>}

% Address/affiliation
\affiliation[1]{organization={School of Management, Huazhong University of Technology and Science},
            addressline={Wu Han},
            postcode={430074}, 
            state={Hu Bei},
            country={China}}

\author[2]{author two}%[<options>]

% Footnote of the second author
\fnmark[2]

% Email id of the second author
%\ead{jjjh}

% URL of the second author
%\ead[url]{iijb}

% Credit authorship
%\credit{iuhb}

% Address/affiliation
\affiliation[2]{organization={Department of Industrial Engineering and Logistics Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology},
            addressline={Kowloon, Hong Kong}}







% Footnote text
%\fntext[1]{mmmm}

% For a title note without a number/mark
%\nonumnote{}

% Here goes the abstract
\begin{abstract}
   Well, now the abstract is to be continue, since the paper is unfinished. Later the authors will fill it.
\end{abstract}

% Use if graphical abstract is present
%\begin{graphicalabstract}
%\includegraphics{}
%\end{graphicalabstract}

% Research highlights
\begin{highlights}
  \item first.
  \item second.
\end{highlights}

% Keywords
% Each keyword is seperated by \sep
\begin{keywords}
  one word \sep another word 
\end{keywords}

\maketitle

\section{Introduction}
% Main text
The previous researches(\citealt{Anand2020}) about pollution regulations mainly concentrated on its effects on firms, customers and social


We introduce the problem's setting in Section~\ref{formulation}. 

\section{Mathematical Formulation}\label{formulation}
We consider 

\begin{equation}\label{balance}
\sum_{i\in\overline S}x^0_i-\sum_{i\in \overline S}a_i=\sum_{i\in\overline S}(x^0_i-a_i)^+-\sum_{i\in\overline S}(a_i-x^0_i)^+=0.
\end{equation}

 We denote $\tilde X^0(p)$ as the set of $x^0$  that satisfies Eq. (\ref{balance})

% To print the credit authorship contribution details
\printcredits


\bibliographystyle{nonumber}

\begin{thebibliography}{}
\bibitem[Anand and Giraud-Carrier (2020)]{Anand2020}
Anand K S , Giraud-Carrier F C. 2020. Pollution Regulation of Competitive Markets. {\em Management Science}, {\bf 66(9)}, 3799-4358.



\end{thebibliography}

%% Loading bibliography style file
%\bibliographystyle{model1-num-names}
%\bibliographystyle{cas-model2-names}

% Loading bibliography database
%\bibliography{}

% Biography
%\bio{}
% Here goes the biography details.
%\endbio

%\bio{pic1}
% Here goes the biography details.
%\endbio

\end{document}

应该用它就可以编译过了。编译命令是

latexmk -pdf -synctex=1 mwe.tex