请问这种图形怎么用Tikz画出来

寄存器 2023-03-06

这家伙很懒，什么也没写！

可以用tkz-euclide宏包实现，在此，参数是凑出来的，可以根据需要再调整一下。

% 引入文档类
\documentclass[margin=5pt]{standalone}
% 导言区
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}

% 正文区
\begin{document}

\def\neg{-35}
\def\pos{10}
% 圆角立方体
\begin{tikzpicture}[%
  pol/.style={fill=yellow!40,opacity=.5},
  seg/.style={dotted},
  scale=2]
  \tkzDefPoint(0,0){A}
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[A](\neg:2.5){B}
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[A](\pos:3.5){D}
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[A](90:2){F}
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[D](90:2){H}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through D](A,B) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through B](A,D) \tkzGetPoint{I2}
  \tkzInterLL(D,I1)(B,I2)
  \tkzGetPoint{C}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F](A,B) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through B](A,F) \tkzGetPoint{I2}
  \tkzInterLL(F,I1)(B,I2)
  \tkzGetPoint{E}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through H](F,E) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through E](B,C) \tkzGetPoint{I2}
  \tkzInterLL(H,I1)(E,I2)
  \tkzGetPoint{G}

  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=0.086](A,D)\tkzGetPoint{A'}
  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through A'](A,F) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(A',I1)(F,H)
  \tkzGetPoint{F'}
  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=1.15](A',F')\tkzGetPoint{F''}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through A'](A,B) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(A',I1)(B,C)
  \tkzGetPoint{B'}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through B'](A',F') \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(B',I1)(E,G)
  \tkzGetPoint{E'}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F''](F,E) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(F'',I1)(B',E')
  \tkzGetPoint{E''}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through F''](A,D) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(F'',I1)(D,H)
  \tkzGetPoint{H''}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through E''](B,C) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(E'',I1)(C,G)
  \tkzGetPoint{G''}

  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=1.12](A',B')\tkzGetPoint{B''}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through B''](B,C) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(B'',I1)(D,C)
  \tkzGetPoint{C''}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through B''](B,E) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(B'',I1)(F',E')
  \tkzGetPoint{B'''}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through C''](C,G) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(C'',I1)(H,G)
  \tkzGetPoint{C'''}

  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=0.04](A,B)\tkzGetPoint{T0}
  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=-0.014](B,C)\tkzGetPoint{T1}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through T1](A,B) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(T1,I1)(A,D)
  \tkzGetPoint{A''}

  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=1.018](A',B'')\tkzGetPoint{T2}

  \tkzDefLine[parallel=through T2](B,C) \tkzGetPoint{I1}
  \tkzInterLL(T2,I1)(D,C)
  \tkzGetPoint{T4}
  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=0.96](T2,T4)\tkzGetPoint{T3}

  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=-0.5](F,F')\tkzGetPoint{P}
  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=0.75](A,F')\tkzGetPoint{P'}

  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=1.32](D,G)\tkzGetPoint{M}
  \tkzDefPointOnLine[pos=0.65](C''',G'')\tkzGetPoint{N}

  \tkzDrawPolygon(A,B,E,F)
  \tkzDrawPolygon(B'',C'',C''',B''')
  \tkzDrawPolygon(F'',E'',G'',H'')
  \tkzFillPolygon[pol](B,B',E',E)
  \tkzDrawSegments[add = -0.05 and 0.082](A'',T1)
  \tkzDrawSegments[add = 0.065 and -0.04](T2,T4)
  \tkzDrawPolygon[seg](B,C,G,E)
  \tkzDrawSegments[seg](A,A' A',B' A',F' B',E' B,C F,F' E',F' F',F'' E',E'')
  \tkzDrawSegments[seg,dim={\(\varepsilon\),0.1cm,left=1mm}](F',F'')
  \tkzDrawSegments[seg](C,G'')
  \tkzDrawSegments[seg](B',B'' C,C'' E',B''' G,C''')

  \tkzDrawSegments[->](P,P' M,N)
  \tkzLabelPoint[left,above](P){$P$}
  \tkzLabelPoint[right,above](M){$C$}

  \tkzDefShiftPoint[F'](-40:0.10){F'''}
  \tkzDrawArc(F''',F'')(F)
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[E'](-40:0.10){F'''}
  \tkzDrawArc(F''',E'')(E)
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[E'](-152:0.25){F'''}
  \tkzDrawArc(F''',B''')(E'')
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[G](-152:0.25){F'''}
  \tkzDrawArc(F''',C''')(G'')
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[E'](78:0.85){E'''}
  \tkzDrawArc(E''',E)(B''')
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[A'](78:0.11){A'''}
  \tkzDrawArc(A''',A)(T0)

  \tkzDefShiftPoint[B'](78:0.85){X}
  \tkzDrawArc[red](X,B)(B'')
  \tkzDefShiftPoint[B'](78:0.14){Y}
  \tkzDrawArc[blue](Y,B)(B'')

  \tkzDefShiftPoint[T3](125:2.54){T'}
  \tkzDrawArc(T',T3)(C'')
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

另外，由于要忙别的事了，下面那个小圆角没有填充，可以阅读手册，添加填充代码。

3 个回答

其实有点卡 2023-03-05

这家伙很懒，什么也没写！

这三个图形，单个画都没有问题，但是要自动处理它们之间的关联性，恐怕 tikz 做不了。也许一种编程能力强的绘图语言可以做，比如 asymptote，但恐怕也得写上个几百上千行代码。

这样的需求不如使用其他专业的软件吧，tikz 做不了（个人见解）。

我等风也在等你 2023-03-05

这家伙很懒，什么也没写！

单个第三个图片怎么画出来？

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追加回复

Sagittarius Rover 2026-06-11

这家伙很懒，什么也没写！

单个第三个图片怎么画出来？

@u92074 2026年了，直接考虑luadraw;-)

Here below is the proposal:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage[3d]{luadraw}

\begin{document}

\begin{luadraw}{name=round-cobuid}
local ld = luadraw
local pt3d = ld.pt3d
local M, vecI, vecJ, vecK = pt3d.M, pt3d.vecI, pt3d.vecJ, pt3d.vecK
local sqrt, sin, cos = math.sqrt, math.sin, math.cos

local g = ld.graph3d:new{
  window3d={-5,5,-5,5,-5,5},
  window={-4,3,-2,4},viewdir={35,80}
}

-- length, width, height
local L, W, H = 5.0, 2.4, 3.0

local t = 0.5

local scene = {}

local function add_quarter_cylinder(center, r1, r2, axis, n)
  local poly = ld.cylinder(
    center, axis, sqrt(pt3d.dot(r1, r1)), 4*n
  )
  poly = ld.cutpoly(poly, {center, r1}, true)
  poly = ld.cutpoly(poly, {center, r2}, true)

  local arc1, arc2 = {}, {}
  for k=0,n do
    local u = k*math.pi/2/n
    local p = center + cos(u)*r1 + sin(u)*r2
    table.insert(arc1, p)
    table.insert(arc2, p+axis)
  end

  table.insert(scene, g:addPoly(poly, {color="white"}))
  table.insert(scene, g:addPolyline({
    arc1, arc2,
    {arc1[1], arc2[1]},
    {arc1[#arc1], arc2[#arc2]}
  }, {hidden=true, hiddenstyle="dashed"}))
end

local function add_octant_sphere(center, r1, r2, r3, n)
  local poly = ld.sphere(center, sqrt(pt3d.dot(r1, r1)), 4*n, 2*n)
  poly = ld.cutpoly(poly, {center, r1}, true)
  poly = ld.cutpoly(poly, {center, r2}, true)
  poly = ld.cutpoly(poly, {center, r3}, true)

  local function arc(a, b)
    local points = {}
    for k=0,n do
      local u = k*math.pi/2/n
      table.insert(points, center + cos(u)*a + sin(u)*b)
    end
    return points
  end

  table.insert(scene, g:addPoly(poly, {color="white", contrast=0}))
  table.insert(scene, g:addPolyline({
    arc(r1, r2), arc(r1, r3), arc(r2, r3)
  }, {hidden=true, hiddenstyle="dashed"}))
end

local boxes = {
  ld.parallelep(M(0,0,0), L*vecI, W*vecJ, H*vecK),
  ld.parallelep(M(0,0,H), L*vecI, W*vecJ, t*vecK),
  ld.parallelep(M(0,W,0), L*vecI, t*vecJ, H*vecK),
  ld.parallelep(M(L,0,0), t*vecI, W*vecJ, H*vecK)
}

for _,poly in ipairs(boxes) do
  table.insert(scene, g:addPoly(poly, {color="white",edge=true,hidden=true,hiddenstyle="dashed"}))
end

add_quarter_cylinder(M(0,W,H), t*vecJ, t*vecK, L*vecI, 18)
add_quarter_cylinder(M(L,0,H), t*vecI, t*vecK, W*vecJ, 18)
add_quarter_cylinder(M(L,W,0), t*vecI, t*vecJ, H*vecK, 18)
add_quarter_cylinder(M(0,W,0), t*vecJ, -t*vecK, L*vecI, 18)
add_quarter_cylinder(M(L,0,0), t*vecI, -t*vecK, W*vecJ, 18)
add_octant_sphere(M(L,W,H), t*vecI, t*vecJ, t*vecK, 12)
add_octant_sphere(M(L,W,0), t*vecI, t*vecJ, -t*vecK, 12)

g:Dscene3d(table.unpack(scene))

g:Show()
\end{luadraw}

\end{document}