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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{margin=1cm}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subcaptionbox{}{
\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing \\
consectetur adipisicing & \\
\end{tblr}
}\hfill
\subcaptionbox{}{
\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing \\
consectetur adipisicing & \\
\end{tblr}
}\hfill
\subcaptionbox{}{
\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing \\
consectetur adipisicing & \\
\end{tblr}
}\hfill
\subcaptionbox{}{
\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing \\
consectetur adipisicing & \\
\end{tblr}
}\hfill
\subcaptionbox{}{
\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing \\
consectetur adipisicing & \\
\end{tblr}
}\hfill
\subcaptionbox{}{
\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image} & Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing \\
consectetur adipisicing & \\
\end{tblr}
}
\caption{bbb}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
通过表格实现对齐，如果你嫌麻烦，可以自行封装一个命令，用来排版每一个\subcaptionbox内的内容。
tabularray可能需要较新的LaTeX发行版才可以使用，推荐TeX Live 2022。
\documentclass[fontset=ubuntu]{ctexart}
\usepackage{graphicx,tabularray,subfig}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage[margin=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{alphalph}
\renewcommand*{\thesubfigure}{(\thefigure.\arabic{subfigure})}
\renewcommand*{\thesubfigure}{%
\alphalph{\value{subfigure}}%
}%
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfloat[fig1][]{\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}} \label{fig:sub1}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\[-2ex]
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}\label{fig:sub2}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
Fig 1 Test & \\
\end{tblr}}
\hfill
\subfloat[fig2][]{\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\[-2ex]
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
Fig 1 Test & \\
\end{tblr}}
\hfill
\subfloat[fig3][]{\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\[-2ex]
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
Fig 1 Test & \\
\end{tblr}}
\hfill
\subfloat[fig4][]{\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\[-2ex]
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
Fig 1 Test & \\
\end{tblr}}
\hfill
\subfloat[fig5][]{\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\[-2ex]
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
Fig 1 Test & \\
\end{tblr}}
\hfill
\subfloat[]{\begin{tblr}{width=.3\textwidth,colspec={Q[l,t]X[l,t]},column{2}={font=\small},cell{Z}{1}={c=2}{c},row{Z}={gray7},columns={leftsep=0pt}}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\[-2ex]
\subfloat{\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth,valign=t]{example-image}}
& Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur \\
Fig 1 Test & \\
\end{tblr}}
\caption{很好}
\label{fig2111}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
除了编号不对以外都满足要求了,编号什么原因导致的错乱还不清楚
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感觉比上面的更好，因为这个包可以加任意多标签,就是编号上比较麻烦，需要注意，除此以外还可以任意嵌套，非常棒！比上面的subcaption包的应用更广泛，功能更强